Efficacy of Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors in Oral Lichen Planus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is associated with severe pain and significant impairment for patients. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCI) in the treatment of OLP. METHODS: Medline and the Cochrane Database were searched using the keywords "calcineurin inhibitor OR tacrolimus OR pimecrolimus" AND "oral lichen planus." RESULTS: Four retrospective studies that looked at the effects of tacrolimus on OLP; 4 randomized, double-blind clinical trials (RDBCT) comparing tacrolimus with topical corticosteroids; and 5 RDBCT comparing pimecrolimus with placebo or triamcinolone were noted. Six open prospective and multiple case reports assessing the efficacy of calcineurin inhibitor for treatment of diverse types of OLP were found. CONCLUSION: There is strong evidence to suggest that the use of tacrolimus 0.1% ointment and pimecrolimus 1% cream is superior or equally efficacious as traditional therapies for OLP. Topical calcineurin inhibitors are well tolerated, with no significant systemic adverse effects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".