Simulation of Crowd Movement in Spiral Pattern during Tawaf, in Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Simulation of large crowd is of great interest in different areas of applications such as path planning, entertainment, psychology, sociology, civil engineering, computer vision etc. In recent years, crowd simulation models faces computationally intense problems such as poor crowd management, control, global navigation, they affect the performance of real-time simulation of thousands of pedestrians. The objectives of this study were to improve the performance of the pedestrians during the ritual of Tawaf and to determine the correlation among density as well as pedestrians speed during peak period. Microscopic crowd simulation model software SIMWALK was use for the implementation. The proposed model involves spiral patterns with inwards and outwards pedestrian movements during Tawaf ritual. We plotted the pedestrians’ distribution in terms of density, duration and walking speed, then used statistical test (t-test) to determine if there was a correlation. The simulation outcome of the spiral pattern implies lower density compared to the circular pattern, we obtained maximum density of 8persons/m<sup>2</sup> for the circular movement pattern which falls within LoS-E and 4persons/m<sup>2</sup> for the spiral path within LoS-C. This result lend support to the idea that flow rate determines how quickly the system reaches its dynamic state. Thus, high flow rate makes the system unstable, because of the effect of increases in density.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".