Modification of Polyethersulfone Hollow Fiber Membranes by Novel Charged Surface Modifying Macromolecule (cSMM) Blends for Water Application
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The analysis on modification of the polyethersulfone hollow fiber membranes by blending with Surface Modifying Macromolecules (SMMs) with end‐groups of Aromatic sulfonate or aromatic benzoate for introducing charges at membrane surface is presented. The charged SMMs (cSMM) was synthesized and blended into the dope solution of polyethersulfone (PES) membranes. The synthesized cSMM was dissolved into the dope solution which consists of PES using N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) as solvent. The membranes are prepared by phase inversion technique with the dry‐wet hollow fiber spinning condition. The morphology of the fabricated membranes was observed from the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The FESEM observation did not show significant difference due to cSMM modification indicated the base polymer remained relatively unchanged. The miscibility and existence of cSMM in PES membrane was then confirmed via Fourier transform infra‐red (FTIR) scan. The increase of pure water permeation performance of the modified membranes than the unmodified membranes was also observed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".