Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study examines the authenticity discrimination of the circulated honey by using stable isotope ratio methods. In the case of domestic honey, the range of δ 13 C for the samples labeled as pure honey was about ?27- ?21‰ at the C₃ origin, and the range of that for artificial honey was over ?19‰ at the C₄ origin. The range of δ 13 C for all imported honey was over ?27- ?23‰ originating from the C₃ plant. According to the nectar-source, δ 2 H and δ 18 O for domestic honey were significantly different for 6 and 5 groups, respectively. However, we could not explain the detailed relationship as well as the geographical feature of δ 2 H and δ 18 O. The difference for δ 2 H and δ 18 O in the wide range of latitude, such as between Australia and Canada, was more or less shown. However, it was difficult to find out the trends of δ 2 H and δ 18 O for imported honey versus the geographical information in the similar latitudinal country.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".