Relationship of Sleep Apnea to Functional Capacity and Length of Hospitalization Following Stroke
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Recent evidence indicates that sleep apnea is common in patients with stroke. We hypothesized that the presence of sleep apnea among stroke patients would be associated with a greater degree of functional disability and longer hospitalization following stroke. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING AND PATIENTS: Sixty-one stroke patients admitted to a stroke rehabilitation unit. INTERVENTIONS: N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Sleep studies were performed on all patients, and sleep apnea was defined as an apnea-hypopnea index of 10 or more per hour of sleep. Patients underwent functional assessments, including the Functional Independence Measure. Sleep apnea was found in 72% of patients; 60% had predominantly obstructive sleep apnea, while 12% had predominantly central sleep apnea. Although the severity of stroke was similar in the 2 groups, compared to patients without sleep apnea, those with sleep apnea had lower functional capacity [Functional Independence Measure score (mean +/- SEM) 80.2 +/- 3.6 versus 94.7 +/- 4.3, p < 0.05 at admission, and 101.5 +/- 2.8 versus 112.9 +/- 2.7, p < 0.05 at discharge] and spent significantly more days in rehabilitation (45.5 +/- 2.3 versus 32.1 +/- 2.7 days, p < 0.005). In addition, multiple regression analysis showed that obstructive sleep apnea was significantly and independently related to functional impairment and length of hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep apnea is very common among stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation, and its presence is associated with worse functional impairment and a longer period of hospitalization and rehabilitation. These data suggest that sleep apnea may be contributing to functional impairment and prolonged hospitalization following stroke.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it