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Observation of Exclusive<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>γ</mml:mi><mml:mi>γ</mml:mi></mml:math>Production in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:math>Collisions at<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msqrt><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msqrt><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1.96</mml:mn><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi>TeV</mml:mi></mml:math>
T. Aaltonen, M. G. Albrow, B. Álvarez González, S. Amerio, D. Amidei, A. Anastassov, A. Annovi, J. Antos, G. Apollinari, J. A. Appel, T. Arisawa, A. Artikov, J. Asaadi, W. Ashmanskas, B. Auerbach, A. Aurisano, F. Azfar, W. Badgett, Tae Hyun Bae, A. Barbaro‐Galtieri, V. E. Barnes, B. A. Barnett, P. Barria, P. Bartoš, M. Bauce, F. Bedeschi, S. Behari, G. Bellettini, J. Bellinger, D. Benjamin, A. Beretvas, A. Bhatti, D. Bisello, I. Bizjak, K. R. Bland, B. Blumenfeld, A. Bocci, A. Bodek, D. Bortoletto, J. Boudreau, A. Boveia, L. Brigliadori, C. Bromberg, E. Brücken, J. Budagov, H. S. Budd, K. Burkett, G. Busetto, P. J. Bussey, A. Buzatu, A. Calamba, C. Calancha, S. Camarda, M. Campanelli, M. Campbell, F. Canelli, B. Carls, D. Carlsmith, R. Carosi, S. Carrillo, S. Carron, B. Casal, M. Casarsa, A. Castro, P. Catastini, D. Cauz, V. Cavaliere, F. Šforza, A. Cerri, L. Cerrito, Y. C. Chen, M. Chertok, G. Chiarelli, G. Chlachidze, F. Chlebana, K. Cho, D. Chokheli, W. H. Chung, Y. S. Chung, M. A. Ciocci, A. Clark, C. Clarke, G. Compostella, M. E. Convery, J. Conway, M. Corbo, M. Cordelli, C. A. Cox, D. J. Cox, F. Crescioli, J. Cuevas, R. Culbertson, D. Dagenhart, N. d’Ascenzo, M. Datta, P. de Barbaro, M. Dell’Orso, L. Demortier, M. Deninno, F. Devoto, M. d’Errico, A. Di Canto, B. Di Ruzza, J. Dittmann, M. D’Onofrio, S. Donati, P. Dong, M. Dorigo, K. Ebina, A. Elagin, A. Eppig, R. Erbacher, S. Errede, N. Ershaidat, R. Eusebi, S. M. Farrington, M. Feindt, J. P. Fernandez, R. Field, G. Flanagan, R. Forrest, M. J. Frank, M. Franklin, J. Freeman, Y. Funakoshi, I. Furic, M. Gallinaro, J. E. Garcia, A. F. Garfinkel, P. Garosi, H. Gerberich, E. Gerchtein, S. Giagu, V. Giakoumopoulou, P. Giannetti, K. Gibson, C. M. Ginsburg, N. Giokaris, P. Giromini, G. Giurgiu, V. Glagolev, D. Glenzinski, M. Gold, D. Goldin, N. Goldschmidt, A. Golossanov, G. Gómez, G. Gomez Ceballos, M. Goncharov, O. González, I. Gorelov, A. T. Goshaw, K. Goulianos, S. Grinstein, C. Grosso-Pilcher, J. Guimaraes da Costa, S. R. Hahn, E. Halkiadakis, A. Hamaguchi, J. Y. Han, F. Happacher, K. Hara, D. Hare, M. Hare, R. F. Harr, K. Hatakeyama, C. P. Hays, M. Heck, J. Heinrich, M. Herndon, S. Hewamanage, A. Hocker, W. H. Hopkins, D. Horn, S. Hou, R. E. Hughes, M. Hurwitz, U. Husemann, N. Hussain, M. Hussein, J. Huston, G. Introzzi, M. Iori, A. Ivanov, E. James, D. Jang, B. Jayatilaka, E. J. Jeon, S. Jindariani, M. Jones, K. K. Joo, S. Y. Jun, T. R. Junk, T. Kamon, P. E. Karchin, A. Kasmi, W. Ketchum, J. Keung, V. Khotilovich, B. Kilminster, D. H. Kim, H. S. Kim, J. E. Kim, M. J. Kim, S. B. Kim, S. H. Kim, Y. K. Kim, Y. J. Kim, N. Kimura, M. Kirby, S. Klimenko, K. Knoepfel, K. Kondo, D. J. Kong, J. Konigsberg, A. V. Kotwal, M. Kreps, J. Kroll, D. Krop, M. Kruse, V. Krutelyov, T. Kuhr, M. Kurata, S. Kwang, A. T. Laasanen, S. Lami, S. Lammel, M. Lancaster, R. L. Lander, K. Lannon, A. Lath, G. Latino, T. LeCompte, H. S. Lee, S. W. Lee, S. Leo, S. Leone, J. D. Lewis, A. Limosani, C.-J. Lin, M. Lindgren, E. Lipeles, A. Lister, D. O. Litvintsev, C. Liu, H. Liu, Q. Liu, T. Liu, S. Lockwitz, A. Loginov, D. Lucchesi, J. Lueck, P. Lujan, P. Lukens, G. Lungu, J. Lys, R. Lysák, R. Madrak, K. Maeshima, P. Maestro, S. Malik, G. Manca, A. Manousakis-Katsikakis, F. Margaroli, C. Marino, M. Martı́nez, P. Mastrandrea, K. Matera, M. E. Mattson, A. Mazzacane, P. Mazzanti, K. S. McFarland, P. McIntyre, R. McNulty, A. Mehta, P. Mehtala, C. Mesropian, T. Miao, D. Mietlicki, A. Mitra, H. Miyake, S. Moed, N. Moggi, M. N. Mondragon, C. S. Moon, R. W. Moore, M. J. Morello, J. Morlock, P. Movilla Fernandez, A. Mukherjee, Th. Muller, P. Murat, M. Mussini, J. Nachtman, Y. Nagai, J. Naganoma, I. Nakano, A. Napier, J. Nett, C. Neu, M. S. Neubauer, J. Nielsen, L. Nodulman, S. Y. Noh, O. Norniella, L. Oakes, S. H. Oh, Y. D. Oh, I. Oksuzian, T. Okusawa, R. Orava, L. Ortolan, S. Pagan Griso, C. Pagliarone, E. Palencia, V. Papadimitriou, A. A. Paramonov, J. Patrick, G. Pauletta, M. Paulini, C. Paus, D. E. Pellett, A. Penzo, T. J. Phillips, G. Piacentino, E. Pianori, J. Pilot, K. Pitts, C. Plager, L. Pondrom, S. Poprocki, K. Potamianos, F. Prokoshin, A. Pranko, F. Ptohos, G. Punzi, A. Rahaman, V. Ramakrishnan, N. Ranjan, I. Redondo, P. Renton, M. Rescigno, T. Riddick, F. Rimondi, L. Ristori, A. Robson, T. Rodrigo, T. Rodriguez, E. Rogers, S. Rolli, R. Roser, F. Ruffini, A. Ruiz-Jimeno, J. Russ, V. Rusu, A. Safonov, W. K. Sakumoto, Y. Sakurai, L. Santi, K. Satô, V. Saveliev, A. Savoy-Navarro, P. Schlabach, A. Schmidt, E. E. Schmidt, T. Schwarz, L. Scodellaro, A. Scribano, F. Scuri, S. Seidel, Y. Seiya, A. Semenov, S. Z. Shalhout, T. Shears, P. F. Shepard, M. Shimojima, M. Shochet, А. Симоненко, P. Sinervo, K. Śliwa, J. R. Smith, F. D. Snider, A. Soha, V. Sorin, H. Song, P. Squillacioti, M. Stancari, R. St. Denis, B. Stelzer, O. Stelzer-Chilton, D. Stentz, J. Strologas, G. L. Strycker, Y. Sudo, A. Sukhanov, I. Suslov, K. Takemasa, Y. Takeuchi, J. Tang, M. Tecchio, P. K. Teng, J. Thom, J. Thome, G. A. Thompson, E. Thomson, D. Toback, S. Tokar, K. Tollefson, T. Tomura, D. Tonelli, S. Torre, D. Torretta, P. Totaro, M. Trovato, F. Ukegawa, S. Uozumi, A. Varganov, F. Vázquez, G. Velev, C. Vellidis, I. Vila, J. Vizán, M. Vogel, G. Volpi, P. Wagner, R. L. Wagner, T. Wakisaka, R. Wallny, S. M. Wang, A. Warburton, D. Waters, W. C. Wester, D. Whiteson, A. B. Wicklund, E. Wicklund, S. Wilbur, F. Wick, H. H. Williams, J. S. Wilson, P. Wilson, B. L. Winer, P. Wittich, S. Wolbers, H. Wolfe, T. Wright, X. Wu, Z. Wu, K. Yamamoto, D. Yamato, T. Yang, U. K. Yang, Yi-Lin Yang, W.-M. Yao, G. P. Yeh, K. Yi, J. Yoh, K. Yorita, T. Yoshida, G. B. Yu, I. Yu, S. S. Yu, J. C. Yun, A. Zanetti, Y. Zeng, C. Zhou, S. Zucchelli
Bibliographic record
VenuePhysical Review Letters · 2012
Typearticle
Languagelv
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicParticle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersFermilabIstituto Nazionale di Fisica NucleareCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaAlfred P. Sloan FoundationNational Science CouncilScience and Technology Facilities CouncilNational Research FoundationNational Research Foundation of KoreaSchweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen ForschungU.S. Department of EnergyRussian Foundation for Basic ResearchMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyNational Science Foundation
KeywordsPseudorapidityPhysicsNuclear physicsAntiprotonCollider Detector at FermilabLuminosityFermilabColliderCharged particleParticle physicsProduction (economics)PhotonProtonLarge Hadron ColliderIonAstrophysicsTevatron
Abstract
We have observed exclusive γγ production in proton-antiproton collisions at √s=1.96 TeV, using data from 1.11±0.07 fb(-1) integrated luminosity taken by the Run II Collider Detector at Fermilab. We selected events with two electromagnetic showers, each with transverse energy E(T)>2.5 GeV and pseudorapidity |η|<1.0, with no other particles detected in -7.4<η<+7.4. The two showers have similar E(T) and azimuthal angle separation Δφ~π; 34 events have two charged particle tracks, consistent with the QED process pp¯→p+e(+)e(-)+p¯ by two-photon exchange, while 43 events have no charged tracks. The number of these events that are exclusive π(0)π(0) is consistent with zero and is <15 at 95% C.L. The cross section for pp¯→p+γγ+p¯ with |η(γ)|<1.0 and E(T)(γ)>2.5 GeV is 2.48(-0.35)(+0.40)(stat)(-0.51)(+0.40)(syst) pb.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.004
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.101
Threshold uncertainty score0.338
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.101 | 0.025 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.022
GPT teacher head0.265
Teacher spread0.243 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
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Citations33
Published2012
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes