Exfoliating biocompatible ferromagnetic Cr-trihalide monolayers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In addition to spintronics another motivation for exploring ferromagnetic two-dimensional materials is for biomedical applications such as magnetic labeling and hyperthermia treatment of tumors. Unfortunately, the widely studied Mn-containing monolayer is not biocompatible, although it is ferromagnetic. Here using first principles calculations combined with Monte Carlo simulations based on the Ising model, we systematically study a class of 2D ferromagnetic monolayers CrX3 (X = Cl, Br, I). The feasibility of exfoliation from their layered bulk phase is confirmed by the small cleavage energy and high in-plane stiffness. Spin-polarized calculations, combined with self-consistently determined Hubbard U that accounts for strong correlation energy, demonstrate that CrX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) monolayers are ferromagnetic and that Cr is trivalent and carries a magnetic moment of 3 μ(B); the resulting Cr(3+) ions are biocompatible. The corresponding Curie temperatures for CrCl3, CrBr3 and CrI3 are found to be 66, 86, and 107 K, respectively, which can be increased to 323, 314, and 293 K by hole doping. The biocompatibility and ferromagnetism render these Cr-containing trihalide monolayers unique for applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".