Variation in captopril formulations in pharmacies across Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor used to manage congestive heart failure in the paediatric population, has limited data on efficacy and safety. Its variety of liquid formulations dispensed by different pharmacies poses a challenge in optimizing captopril dosing in patients. Fourteen tertiary paediatric centre pharmacies across Canada were contacted to decipher the type of captopril formulation they dispense, their recipe and the stability of each formulation. Of the 14 centres surveyed, four dispensed solid tablets, two dispensed either solid tablets or liquid formulations, and eight dispensed extemporaneously prepared liquid formulations. There was also great variety in the solutions used to prepare the liquid formulations. The bioequivalence of these preparations has not been studied. As a result, physicians cannot be certain about the effective dose of captopril. Uniformity is recommended among paediatric pharmacies in Canada when preparing medications such as captopril. Proper testing of the stability and bioequivalence of medications is recommended.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".