Detoxification Enzyme Activity and Gene Expression in Diafenthiuron Resistant Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci
Bibliographic record
Abstract
B-biotype Bemisia tabaci has developed high levels of resistance to many insecticides. To investigate the risks and explore possible mechanisms of resistance to the diafenthiuron in B. tabaci, a 24.7-fold diafenthiuron resistant strain (TH-R) was established after selection for 20 generations compared with the susceptible strain (TH-S). Biochemical assays showed that the activity of cytochrome P450 towards P-NA was significantly higher (3.6-fold higher) in the TH-R strain than in the TH-S strain. Similarly, the carboxylesterase (COE) activity and Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity were also significantly higher (2.55- and 1.65-fold higher, respectively) in the TH-R strain than in the TH-S strain. The expression of 5 of 7 P450 genes was significantly higher (>2.3-fold) in the TH-R strain than in the TH-S strain. The expression of COE1 was significantly higher (>2.3-fold) in the TH-R strain than in the TH-S strain. Cytochrome P450, COE and GST appear to be responsible for the resistance to diafenthiuron in B. tabaci. It is also valuable for usage of insecticides for resistance management and control of this species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".