Association of drowning and myocarditis in a pediatric population: an autopsy-based study.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
CONTEXT: Drowning is a frequent cause of accidental death in childhood, but the association of myocarditis and drowning has only rarely been reported. OBJECTIVE: To report 5 cases of drowning in children with coexistent myocarditis. DESIGN: A retrospective review of autopsy records of patients 0 years to 18 years of age was performed during a 6-year period (1998-2003, total cases reviewed = 1431). RESULTS: Twenty-two drownings were identified, in 14 male and 8 female children. Five patients (23%), 3 female and 2 male children, had coexistent myocarditis. The 5 patients ranged in age from 23 months to 13 years (mean, 7 years 2 months). None of the patients had antecedent symptomatology suggestive of myocarditis. In all patients, the myocarditis was focal mild or moderate, and the inflammatory infiltrate comprised lymphocytes with smaller numbers of neutrophils. All 5 patients had foci of myocyte necrosis. One patient had histologic evidence of myocardial hypertrophy but no evidence of a cardiomyopathy. Microbiologic studies, including culture, immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction, and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, revealed Mycoplasma pneumoniae DNA in 1 case. CONCLUSIONS: The finding of myocarditis in a significant proportion of drowning victims in this series highlights the importance of a thorough autopsy examination in apparently straightforward cases and has clinicopathologic significance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".