On the genesis of a new statistical regime: the case of Canada, 1800-2011
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of the paper is to examine and discuss some of the major transformations undergone by Canadian statistics with regard to structures, norms and practices (which can be envisioned as the defining traits of a particular statistical regime ) over the last two centuries or so, with passing reference to other national experiences. We distinguish four periods: before 1860, the British colonies of North America have evolved in an environment that we may describe as «proto-statistical»; from the mid-19th century to the eve of World War II, the course of Canadian statistics was defined by a progressive emergence of a «national» perspective; from the 1940s up to the 1980s, the development of the Canadian statistical system may be characterized as following two major trends, consolidation at the national level and consideration of the local, regional and provincial perspectives. The era of globalization has witnessed the advent of a new statistical regime, with its distinctive features, concerns and concepts. We examine more deeply three main aspects of this new statistical regime.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.021 | 0.013 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".