Alternative Synthetic Methods for PEPPSI‐Type Palladium Complexes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Alternative procedures are reported for the preparation of PEPPSI‐type palladium complexes (PEPPSI = pyridine‐enhanced precatalyst preparation stabilization and initiation) in good to excellent yields. One method involves the reaction of [(NHC)Pd(acac)Cl] complexes (NHC = N‐heterocyclic carbene, acac = acetylacetonate) with hydrohalides (HX; X = Cl, Br, I) of pyridine or 2,6‐lutidine. Two other one‐pot syntheses involve Pd(acac) 2 , the azolium salt and pyridine hydrohalide (or 2,6‐lutidine hydrohalide). The complexes were obtained as moisture‐ and air‐stable solids and were characterized by 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy, CHN analysis, and IR spectroscopy. The various synthetic procedures and the yields of the desired products are discussed. The X‐ray structure of [1‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐3‐(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)imidazolin‐2‐ylidene]Pd(acac)Cl ( 4c ) is also reported.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".