Modulation of malaria-induced immunopathology by concurrent nematode infection (46.8)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Gastrointestinal nematode infections, highly prevalent in malaria endemic areas, are known to modulate host immune responses to unrelated pathogens. However, the complex relationship between worms and malaria and the impact on malarial incidence vs. severity are unclear. Previously, we observed that C57BL/6 (B6) mice infected with the gastrointestinal nematode Heligosomoides polygyrus (Hp) for 2 wks before blood-stage Plasmodium chabaudi AS (Pc) infection developed significantly higher parasitemia compared to mice infected with Pc alone. Despite this, malaria-induced body weight loss, anemia and hepatosplenic damage were not exacerbated in co-infected mice. Indeed, there was less severe hypothermia and hypoglycemia and more robust reticulocytosis in co-infected mice. Co-infection with Hp suppressed type 1 immune responses induced by P. chabaudi infection with significantly reduced plasma levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α and nitric oxide, but increased IL-6 and IL-10 levels. Co-infected STAT-6−/− mice, which have disrupted Th2 responses, experienced only slightly more severe hypothermia, hypoglycemia, and anemia than co-infected WT B6 mice while in vivo administration of anti-IL-10R (1B1.2) mAb resulted in higher mortality in co-infected WT mice. Although concurrent nematode infection resulted in increased parasitemia due to impaired anti-malarial type 1 immunity, our data suggest that malaria-associated pathology is alleviated by a complex immunoregulatory network, possibly involving IL-10, and, to a lesser extent, Th2 cytokines.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".