Bibliographic record
Abstract
Born 15 May 1922 in Cieszyn in Poland, Karol Krotki died on 6 July 2007, at age 85, in Edmonton, his home town since 1968, when he joined the Department of Sociology at the University of Alberta.He became distinguished university professor in 1982 and retired in 1990, but continued to be professionally active till his death.The passing of Professor Krotki is a great loss to the community of demographers in Canada and beyond.A towering figure, both in the proper sense, by his imposing stature, and in the figurative, by his personality which projected warmth and wisdom.In the many roles he took on in his life -teacher, scholar, and administrator -he will be affectionately remembered.Life was not always kind to him.As many of his generation, he was caught in the spiral of events propelled from the Second World War.His native country, Poland, vanished as a state in 1939 following invasions by Nazi Germany and Stalinist Soviet Union, and the young Karol, 17 at that time, escaped his occupied country by foot.Eventually he ended up in exile.But he did not remain inactive in the face of tragic events; he enrolled in the British Army, took part in the battles of North Africa (1941)(1942), before joining the Royal Air Force in England.He earned many distinctions and decorations for his bravery in the battle field.Upon the cessation of hostilities, he decided not to return to his native Poland, fallen under the Soviet Union domination.He stayed in Great Britain to pursue his university education.Karol earned a BA Honors (1946)(1947)(1948), and an MA in Economics with statistics from Cambridge University (1952).He crowned his university education with a PhD in Economics at Princeton University (1960).His PhD dissertation, Estimating Vital Rates from Peculiar and Inadequate Age Distribution, using data that he collected earlier in Sudan, was completed under the supervision of Ansley Coale, the director of the Office of Population Research and the leading demographer of the second half of the 20th century.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.008 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".