Phylogenetic Placement of the Genus<i>Sternhydrus</i>(Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Cybistrini) Based on Larval Morphology, With Description of<i>S. atratus</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The phylogenetic relationships of the Australasian diving beetle genus Sternhydrus Brinck, 1945 were studied based on a cladistic analysis of 16 taxa and 112 morphological larval characters. Larvae of S. atratus (F., 1801) were described and illustrated in detail with particular emphasis on morphometry and chaetotaxy. Primary chaetotaxy were unknown for the genus. The results supported the inclusion of Sternhydrus in a clade of Australian Cybistrini genera along with Onychohydrus Schaum and White, 1847 and Spencerhydrus Sharp, 1882 based on four synapomorphies: presence of additional pores on antennomere 1, tibial seta TI7 short and spine-like, and urogomphi longer than broad, included in the nonsclerotized ventrodistal area surrounding the anus. A sister group relationship of Sternhydrus and Onychohydrus is suggested by two synapomorphies: lateral projections of frontoclypeus serrate, and row of additional anteroventral setae on meso- and metatarsus composed of several thin setae of variable length. The genus Sternhydrus is characterized by two autapomorphies: presence of both spine-like and hair-like additional setae on the ventral surface of the femur, and absence of primary pores on the urogomphus.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".