Larval head morphology of <i>Phycosecis litoralis</i> (Pascoe) (Coleoptera : Phycosecidae) with phylogenetic implications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The larval head of a Phycosecis species is described and illustrated. Characters are compared to those found in larvae of other groups of Cucujiformia. Monophyly of all cleroid families examined is supported by several apomorphic features at least partly correlated with predacious habits: antennae directed anteriad, absence of the mandibular mola, presence of a pedunculate seta on the mala, presence of a median endocarina, origin of antennal muscles exclusively from the head capsule, and presence of a weakly pigmented, parallel-sided gular plate. A possible apomorphy of Cleroidea excluding Phloiophilidae is the parallel-sided, prognathous head. A sister-group relationship between Phycosecidae and Melyridae is supported by the presence of a plumose lacinia mobilis and secondary loss of the median endocarina. A monophylum comprising Cleridae + Chaetosomatidae is characterised by a strongly elongated, sclerotised larval gula, the strongly protracted position of the ventral mouthparts, and a cardo as long as or longer than the stipes. Monophyly of Trogossitidae is only weakly supported. Several apomorphies indicate a sister-group relationship between Cleroidea and Nitidulidae. These two taxa are characterised by a fully developed maxillolabial complex, an elongated prepharyngeal tube, and tergal sclerotisation restricted to the prothorax and tergite IX. A tentorial bridge completely separated from the remaining tentorium, and a maxillolabial complex with partly restricted motility of the maxilla are shared derived features of larvae of Cleroidea, Nitidulidae, Coccinellidae and Endomychidae. An unusual attachment of a part of the tentoriostipital muscle to the floor of the prepharyngeal tube is found in all cleroid and cucujoid larvae examined. Cleroidea are a well-defined monophyletic group and may form a monophylum together with a paraphyletic assemblage of Cucujoidea. A close relationship between Cleroidea and Lymexylidae is refuted.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".