Role of BNIP3 in proliferation and hypoxia‐induced autophagy: implications for personalized cancer therapies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Autophagy is a regulated degradation pathway functioning in both cell survival and cell death. Its role in cancer is controversial because autophagy can be either protective or destructive to tumor cells, depending on individual genetic signatures and treatment conditions. Hypoxia is common in solid tumors, correlating with chemoresistance and poor prognosis. We have detected autophagic cell death in hypoxic cancer cells occurring independently of apoptosis through a mechanism involving the hypoxia-inducible protein, Bcl-2/E1B-nineteen kilodalton interacting protein (BNIP3). Loss of BNIP3 was protective against hypoxia-induced autophagy and cell death. Unexpectedly, BNIP3 ablation also caused differential cell cycle progression in vitro and increased cellularity in vivo. Collectively, these results support the emerging theory that autophagy could be effectively targeted as an alternative cell death pathway in hypoxic and/or apoptosis-resistant tumors. Furthermore, our data suggest that BNIP3 may be a potential target molecule in this pathway.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".