Exoenzyme S from <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> induces apoptosis in T lymphocytes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Exoenzyme S from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a unique T cell mitogen; it is a powerful immunostimulus that activates a large proportion of T cells, but results in delayed and reduced lymphocyte proliferation. This study was performed to explain the discrepancy between early T cell activation and subsequent proliferation. Studies revealed that exoenzyme S induced rapid and unsustained surface expression of CD69, but could not induce interleukin-2 receptor alpha (IL-2R alpha) up-regulation on T cells. IL-2 was undetectable in supernatants and addition of rIL-2 could not reverse the unresponsiveness, indicating that anergy was not involved. Exoenzyme S induced membrane phosphatidylserine translocation, DNA hypodiploidy, and DNA fragmentation, implicating apoptosis as the mechanism for the unresponsiveness. Exoenzyme S-induced apoptosis shows features of both propriocidal and death by neglect, suggesting shared characteristics of an intermediate pathway. Thus, a Pseudomonas exoproduct induces T cell apoptosis, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of Pseudomonas infections in diseases such as cystic fibrosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".