Risks of congenital malformations in offspring exposed to valproic acid <i>in utero</i>: A systematic review and cumulative meta‐analysis
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Despite extensive research efforts over decades, the teratogenic profile of valproic acid (VPA) remains obscure. We performed cumulative and conventional meta-analyses of cohort studies to determine the time profiles of signal emergence of VPA-associated congenital malformations (CMs) and to define risk estimates of each of the CMs. Fifty-nine studies were identified and analyzed. We found that the significant risk signals began to emerge over the last 10-20 years even before large-scale studies were performed: neural tube defect (the significant risk signal emerged in 1992); genitourinary and musculoskeletal anomalies (2004); cleft lip and/or palate (2005); and congenital heart defects (2006). At present, the risks of VPA-associated CMs are 2-7-fold higher than other common antiepileptic drugs. VPA should not be used as a first-line therapy in women of childbearing age unless it is the only option for the patient.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.013 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it