High-specific surface area, three-dimensional reticulated electrodes for deep cycle lead-acid batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Power Technology Inc. has developed two types of proprietary reticulated, high specific surface area (> 1000 m/sup 2/ m/sup -3/) current collectors for lead-acid batteries manufactured by casting and plating, respectively. The comparative performance of the reticulated and standard grid-type current collectors was studied by single-cell battery testing and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical utilization efficiency of the positive active mass (PAM) in flooded cells equipped with 25 - 30 pores per inch (ppi) reticulated collectors was up to 55% higher than for a grid battery at 3 h discharge rate. These results were attributed to differences in PAM morphology induced by the current collector design, as shown by SEM micrographs. The reticulated battery with Pb-Sn alloy current collectors subjected to daily cycling composed of continuous 19 h float charge at 2.35 V/cell followed by a 5 hour discharge, exhibited a capacity loss of less than 10% in 30 days.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".