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Record W1866068151

Prescription Drug Importation Beyond Canada

2005· article· en· W1866068151 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
M.T. Moreno

Bibliographic record

VenueCalifornia Western international law journal · 2005
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEconomics, Econometrics and Finance
TopicPharmaceutical Economics and Policy
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsMedical prescriptionPrescription drugTRIPS architectureBusinessMedicare Part DHealth insuranceDrugHealth carePublic healthPublic economicsActuarial scienceMedicineEconomic growthPharmacologyEconomicsComputer science
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Obtaining access to safe and affordable medicines is a critical goal.AARP has long favored a system of prescription drug coverage for the vulnerable.However, until recently, there was no public coverage for medicines.With Medicare Part D, the issue becomes even more important.Although not perfect, Medicare Part D provides us with a start to addressing the problem of safe and affordable medicines in the United States.Part of the discussion in improving Medicare Part D includes allowing cheaper drugs from other countries, such as Canada, which has a strict regulatory structure.On the basis of AARP trips and assessments, Canada is a good choice.Because of its regulatory structure and the good experiences of patients who buy their medications there, it is an available alternative for getting cheaper drugs.The Dorgan-Snowe Bill, which would allow importation, is supported by AARP, because it allows importation from Canada with safeguards to ensure legitimate drugs are being sold.However, overall, we need to improve the policy available for access to prescription drugs, because of the increasing need for prescription drugs as additional people face the high costs of health care.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.012
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.063
Threshold uncertainty score0.456

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.012
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.001
Bibliometrics0.0020.003
Science and technology studies0.0070.003
Scholarly communication0.0060.002
Open science0.0010.002
Research integrity0.0040.005
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0250.002

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.022
GPT teacher head0.253
Teacher spread0.231 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2005
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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Same venueCalifornia Western international law journalSame topicPharmaceutical Economics and PolicyFrench-language works237,207