Attachment to Pets: An Integrative View of Human-Animal Relationships with Implications for Therapeutic Practice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Julius, H., Beetz, A., Kotrschal, K., Turner, D., & Uvnas-Moberg, K. (2013). Attachment to Pets: An Integrative View of Human-Animal Rehtionships with Implications for Therapeutic Practice. Boston, MA: Hogrefe. ISBN: 978-088937-442-3, 191 pages.Reviewed by I Compte rendu par : Robin R. NorrisAttachment to Pets offers a comprehensive interdisciplinary examination of the function of the human-animal connection or cross species companionship and the interplay between attachment, caregiving, and oyxtocin. The authors are Henri Julius, PhD, professor (Faculty of Special Education, University of Rostock, Germany), Andrea Beetz, PhD, psychologist and professor (Faculty of Special Education, University of Rostock, Germany and Faculty of Behavioral Biology, University of Vienna, Austria), Kurt Kotrschal, PhD, professor (Faculty of Behavioral Biology, University of Vienna) and Director of the Konrad Lorenz Research Station in Gruenau, Austria, Dennis Turner, PhD, Co-founder of the International Society for Animal-Assisted Therapy (ISAAT), and Kerstin Uvnas-Moberg, MD, PhD, professor (Faculty of Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skara, and University of Skovde).The book comprises 9 chapters and an extensive 34-page reference list with very relevant and up-to-date sources. The concepts in Chapters 1-8 are woven together and build upon one another. Chapters 1 and 2 feature the relationship between humans and animals and an evolutionary biology perspective of the human-animal relationship. Chapter 3 reviews the possible positive effects of the human-animal relationship on humans, such as a reduction of depression, a reduction of anxiety, an increase in cardiovascular health, and a mechanism to help facilitate pain management. Chapters 4-7 offer an intricate overview of the physiological mechanisms involved in the acute stress response, the function of the oxytocinergic system in calming - especially when pain may be present, the idea of attachment and caregiving in interpersonal human relationships, and then attachment and caregiving in the human-animal relationship.The proposed model, where oxytocin is considered an important element in attachment, is well defined by the authors and is supported by the comprehensive literature search. Chapter 8 is a brief but clearly written chapter to support the overall hypothesis regarding the role of oxytocin and the various types of attachments in humans as related to human-animal relationships. The final chapter begins to open a doorway into the discussion about the practical implications for therapy and might be considered a solid foundation for future research to occur based on the hypotheses presented throughout the book. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.040 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.012 | 0.017 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".