Surface microscopic examination of quartz grains from rock avalanche basal facies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Wenchuan earthquake, which occurred on 12 May 2008, triggered many rock avalanches that presented abundant fractured surface textures. The surface textures of the rock avalanche clasts bear abundant characteristic signatures that are significant for understanding the mechanical behavior of rock avalanche dynamic fragmentation. To study this mechanism of rock avalanche basal facies further, two large rock avalanches were investigated using microscopic surface texture examination of quartz grains sampled from their basal facies with a scanning electron microscope. After the morphological and statistical analyses of the surface textures on the quartz grains, the following features are noted: (i) surface textures on the quartz grains are all fresh, with obvious irregular shapes and very sharp edges; (ii) the display of brittle fractures, including conchoidal fractures, step fractures, concavities, and V depressions or marks, is very common; (iii) cracks or fissures are also visible on the quartz grains. The display of these features reveals that a brittle fracturing process occurred during the formation of these surface textures on the quartz grains, indicating the existence of a high-stress history suffered by the particles in the basal facies. Hence, by the mechanical analysis of the formation of these surface textures, the authors propose that both the overburden pressure and the self-excited vibration energized by the undulated slip surface may play dominant roles in the occurrence of the particle dynamic fragmentation in the basal facies.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".