Structure and Dynamics of the Milky Way: The Evolving Picture
Bibliographic record
Abstract
From the inception of radio astronomy, the study of the Interstellar Medium has been both aided and frustrated by one fact: we are right within it! Our embedded perspective is favourable to observing kinematic and structural details that are likely to remain inaccessible in external galaxies for some time, but not so to gaining a birdseye view of our Galaxy's strucutre and motions on the largest scales. The CGPS is the original survey with the ability to image both details and the "big picture". We will broadly review what we know of the Milky Way (MW), and focus on large-scale ISM structure and dynamics that the IGPS family of surveys depicts particularly well (e.g. spiral structure, the rotation curve, density waves, rolling motions, the warp & scalloping). We also highlight areas where puzzles still exist (e.g. outer spiral structure, the question of shocks and rolling motions in the MW), and offer some new insights (e.g. multiple shocks in the 2nd quadrant; a radially varying spiral pattern speed in the disc) demonstrating what is possible with current and future high-resolution 21 cm surveys.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.013 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".