Differential regulation of multiple populations of granules in rat adrenal chromaffin cells by culture duration and cyclic AMP
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We employed carbon fiber amperometry to measure the amount of catecholamine released from individual granules (i.e. the quantal size, Q) of rat chromaffin cells. The distribution of Q1/3 of amperometric events could be reasonably described by the summation of at least three Gaussians, suggesting that rat chromaffin cells contained at least three distinct populations of granules, with a small, medium or large modal Q. After 3 days of culture, the mean cellular Q reduced by approximately 14%, which did not arise from a uniform percentage decrease in the Q of every granule. Instead, the rundown involved a > 11% decrease in the proportional release from large Q granules and a > 19% decrease in the modal Q-value of small Q granules. In contrast, when cells were cultured with dibutyryl-cAMP (dBcAMP) for 3 days, their mean cellular Q increased by approximately 38% (relative to time-matched controls). This increase in Q was not associated with any shift in the proportional release from the three populations of granules. Instead, cAMP increased the average amount of catecholamines released from all three populations of granules. Our data raise the possibility that distinct populations of granules in rat chromaffin cells can be regulated either differentially or uniformly.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".