Preparation and photocatalytic activity of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposites coated with monolayer-protected gold clusters
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report the preparation and photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 nanocomposites modified with monolayer-protected gold clusters (MPCs). Highly monodisperse tiopronin-coated MPCs with core diameters of 2.2 ± 0.2 nm were pre-prepared and then anchored onto a TiO 2 surface using the bifunctional tiopronin linker. In this method, the gold core size was preserved after calcination at 260 °C as well as the anchoring process, and the gold loading on TiO 2 could be precisely controlled by the experimental condition. The photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine 590 (Rh-590) was carried out with thus prepared MPC–TiO 2 composites. Mechanistic study of the photocatalytic reactions revealed that the degradation of Rh-590 occurs via the oxidative pathway by photogenerated holes. The photocatalytic activity of the MPC–TiO 2 composites was found to increase significantly upon calcination at 260 °C, whereas the size of gold particles remained at their initial size. The photocatalytic activity of the composites, however, drastically decreased when the composites were calcined at 400 °C. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of the calcined composites was conducted to understand the vastly different calcination results. A significant amount of oxidized sulfur remained in the composites after calcination at 400 °C, which appears to be responsible for the drastic decrease in the photocatalytic activity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".