Nature as an Ancestor: Two Examples of Legal Personality for Nature in New Zealand
Bibliographic record
Abstract
La Nouvelle-Zélande a confirmé le point de vue cosmologique Maori de la nature comme un ancêtre et mis au point un cadre juridique pour mieux protéger ses intérêts. Une rivière et ce qui a été un parc national se sont vus accorder la personnalité juridique, avec comme gardiens des êtres humains chargés de protéger leurs intérêts. D’abord, la présente contribution expose brièvement le concept indigène Maori de la nature conçue comme un ancêtre et les responsabilités humaines corrélatives de garde de la nature. Elle décrit ensuite les deux exemples où la nature est dotée de la personnalité juridique en droit néo-zélandais, à savoir celui de la rivière Whanganui et celui qui était auparavant le parc national Te Urewera, maintenant appelé simplement Te Urewera. La contribution conclut avec quelques observations et commentaires.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.011 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".