BAKING AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF MUFFINS INCORPORATED WITH APPLE SKIN POWDER
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Apple fruit skin, a rich source of dietary fiber and phenolics, is a by‐product of apple processing. The feasibility of incorporating dried apple skin powder (ASP) as a value‐added food ingredient in bakery food products using a model system of muffins was investigated. The blanched, dehydrated and ground ASP was incorporated into muffins at 0, 4, 8, 16, 24 or 32% (w/w) levels with replacement of equivalent amount of wheat flour of a standard muffin mixture. The highest level of replacement (32% w/w) had a significant adverse effect on the baking characteristics. A taste panel of 66 panelists showed that the replacement of wheat flour with 8, 16 or 24% ASP in the muffin mixture did not affect the overall acceptability. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Identification of ways to incorporate apple skins, one of the by‐products of apple pie and sauce manufacturing, as a health food ingredient in human diet could provide many health benefits. Furthermore, better use of the by‐product will also provide benefits to the apple industry as well as solutions for environment concerns associated with disposal. The results of the present study indicate that blanched and dehydrated apple skin powder (ASP) could be considered as an alternative dietary fiber source or specialty food ingredient for muffins. Therefore, the potential for the industrial exploitation of ASP as a health food ingredient for the bakery industry and selected functional foods is promising.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it