ABRASION RESISTANCE OF CONCRETE – DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND CASE STUDY
Bibliographic record
Abstract
One of the most common forms of deterioration imposed on concrete structures is surface abrasion. This mechanical wearing can be a catalyst for other forms of deterioration such as cracking and corrosion of reinforcing steel. This report is intended to discuss three aspects of abrasion. Firstly, the common sources and mechanics of the abrasion of concrete have been identified. Secondly, a literature review has been presented identifying the material aspects and construction methods that impact the abrasion resistance of concrete, including compressive strength, water to cementitious materials ratio, type and size of aggregates, supplementary cementitious materials, chemical admixtures, and curing and finishing practices. Recommendations for specifying and designing concrete mixes, as well as suggested finishing practices that improve abrasion resistance are provided. Finally, a case study has been presented on the ice shield design of Confederation Bridge in Canada, the longest bridge in the world over ice covered water, showcasing how engineers handled the abrasion of concrete in their designs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".