Transplacental Transfer of Interleukin‐1 Receptor Agonist and Antagonist Following Maternal Immune Activation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PROBLEM: Prenatal exposure to inflammation increases the incidence of neonatal brain injury. This raise the question whether maternally produced cytokines, especially interleukin (IL)-1 elevated in pathological pregnancies and known to alter fetal development, can cross the placental barrier and affect the fetus directly. METHOD OF STUDY: We addressed if IL-1 agonist/antagonist could cross the placenta. RESULTS: Radiolabelled-IL-1 injected maternally reached the fetus in minimal amount. 3% of the amount detected within the placenta was transferred into the fetal liver and less than 1% recovered in the fetal brain 30 min after the injection Importantly, transfer of IL-1 was not affected by maternal exposure to LPS. Maternal administration of IL-1 receptor antagonist also reached the fetus in low concentration. CONCLUSIONS: This suggests that minimal amount of maternally produced IL-1 family members cross the placental barrier. Their negative effects are likely indirect, through their deleterious placental actions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".