Turbulent Flows Over Forward Facing Steps With Surface Roughness
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper reports an investigation of the effects of surface conditions of forward-facing steps (FFS) on turbulent flows. Three surface conditions including one smooth step and two rough step surfaces created using sandpapers were studied. A particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique was used to conduct velocity measurements at several locations downstream, and the statistics up to 60 step heights are reported. The step height was maintained at 6 mm, and three Reynolds numbers of Reh = 1600, 3200, and 4800, where Reh is based on the step height and freestream mean velocity, were studied. The results indicate that the reattachment length of a FFS increases with Reynolds number but decreases with increasing surface roughness. The proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) results showed the step roughness affects even the large-scale structures.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it