Interleukin‐18 induces expression and release of cytokines from murine glial cells: interactions with interleukin‐1β
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-18, a member of the IL-1 cytokine family, is an important mediator of peripheral inflammation and host defence responses. IL-1 is a key proinflammatory cytokine in the brain, but the role of IL-18 in the CNS is not yet clear. The objective of this study was to investigate the actions of IL-18 on mouse glial cells. IL-18 induced intracellular expression of IL-1 alpha and proIL-1 beta, and release of IL-6 from mixed glia. Treatment of lipopolysaccharide-primed microglia with adenosine triphosphate (ATP), an endogenous secondary stimulus, induced IL-1 beta and IL-18 release. Although deletion of the IL-18 gene did not affect IL-1 beta expression or release in this experimental paradigm, IL-1 beta knockout microglia released significantly less IL-18 compared to wild-type microglia. In addition, ATP induced release of mature IL-1 beta from IL-18-primed microglia. These data suggest that IL-18 may contribute to inflammatory responses in the brain, and demonstrate that, in spite of several common features, IL-18 and IL-1 beta differ in their regulation and actions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".