Arctic Ocean trials of Trackpoint ultrashort baseline acoustic positioning systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As part of the development of Theseus, an under-ice autonomous underwater vehicle, trials were conducted to evaluate the performance of Trackpoint II and LXT ultrashort baseline (USB) acoustic positioning systems. These systems have been proposed to provide long range vehicle homing and surface station tracking of the Theseus AUV. These trials were carried out in the Arctic Ocean in 1992 and 1993. The trials were performed by operating the Trackpoint master stations from temporary ice stations with warm tents and living quarters. Helicopters or snow machines were used to carry the remote field party and transponders to distant sites for range and bearing measurements. GPS positioning systems and a Geodometer laser survey instrument were used for position reference. Measured range and bearing error data for the USB positioning systems are presented. Ray trace analysis was used to give understanding into acoustic propagation anomalies. The experience gained through these field trials was used in selection of USB positioning systems for the Theseus vehicle.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".