The kinematic connection between galaxies and dark matter haloes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Using estimates of dark halo masses from satellite kinematics, weak gravitational lensing and halo abundance matching, combined with the Tully–Fisher (TF) and Faber–Jackson relations, we derive the mean relation between the optical, Vopt, and virial, V200, circular velocities of early- and late-type galaxies at redshift z≃ 0. For late-type galaxies, Vopt≃V200 over the velocity range Vopt= 90–260 km s−1, and is consistent with Vopt=Vmax,h[the maximum circular velocity of NFW dark matter haloes in the concordance Λ cold dark matter (Λ CDM) cosmology]. However, for early-type galaxies Vopt≠V200, with the exception of early-type galaxies with Vopt≃ 350 km s−1. This is inconsistent with early-type galaxies being, in general, globally isothermal. For low-mass (Vopt≲ 250 km s−1) early-types Vopt > Vmax,h, indicating that baryons have modified the potential well, while high-mass (Vopt > rsim 400 km s−1) early-types have Vopt < Vmax,h. Folding in measurements of the black hole mass–velocity dispersion relation, our results imply that the supermassive black hole–halo mass relation has a logarithmic slope which varies from ≃1.4 at halo masses of ≃ 1012h−1 M☉ to ≃0.65 at halo masses of 1013.5h−1 M☉. The values of Vopt/V200 we infer for the Milky Way (MW) and M31 are lower than the values currently favoured by direct observations and dynamical models. This offset is due to the fact that the MW and M31 have higher Vopt and lower V200 compared to typical late-type galaxies of the same stellar masses. We show that current high-resolution cosmological hydrodynamical simulations are unable to form galaxies which simultaneously reproduce both the Vopt/V200 ratio and the Vopt–Mstar (Tully–Fisher/Faber–Jackson) relation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".