Ultrasound backscatter microscopy of the eye in vivo
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The construction and early clinical evaluation of the first 50-100-MHz ultrasound backscatter microscope (UBM) are described. This system has a frame rate of five frames per second and examined a field of view of 4 by 4 mm with axial and lateral resolution ranging from 20 to 50 mu m. The critical components of the scanner are described, including the transducer, motion system, and scan converter. Clinical studies were performed on 40 patients with varied ocular pathology. Each patient was examined with UBM using a water-bath technique similar to that used in conventional eye ultrasound. Microscopic images of the normal structures of the anterior segment including the cornea, iris, Schlemm's canal, ciliary body, and sclera are shown. Contrasting images of corneal pathology, tumors of the iris and ciliary body, and angle closure demonstrate the exceptional measurement capabilities of this imaging method. The potential of the UBM as a practical clinical instrument is discussed.>
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".