Thermodynamics of protein model compounds: apparent molar volumes and isobaric heat capacities of selected cyclic dipeptides and their transfer properties from water to aqueous urea solutions at T = 298.15 K
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effects of added protein denaturant (urea) on the volumetric and thermochemical properties of several protein model compounds (cyclic dipeptides) have been investigated at T = 298.15 K and p = 0.1 MPa. Relative densities and specific heat capacities are reported for the cyclic dipeptides cyclo-glycylglycine, cyclo-alanylalanine and cyclo-sarcosylsarcosine in aqueous urea solutions in the concentration range 1 ≤ m(urea)/mol kg−1 ≤ 11. The measurements were performed using a Sodev O2D vibrating tube densimeter and a Picker dynamic microcalorimeter. Apparent molar volumes and heat capacities have been calculated and their concentration dependences have been modeled to give partial molar properties at infinite dilution. The partial molar properties have been used to calculate thermodynamic parameters describing the transfer of the cyclic dipeptides from water to aqueous urea solutions. Estimates of transfer properties for the glycyl group and the alanyl side chain have been obtained using the principles of group additivity. The interaction of urea with the investigated protein model compounds is discussed in terms of the role of urea as a protein denaturant.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".