Minimally Invasive Transcrestal Guided Sinus Lift (<scp>TGSL</scp>): A Clinical Prospective Proof‐of‐Concept Cohort Study up to 52 Months
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: This study describes a new procedure for sinus elevation using computer-guided planning and guided surgical approach through the use of computer-aided design (CAD)/computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)-generated surgical template in combination with expander-condensing osteotomes thus providing a minimally invasive surgical technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-six consecutive patients were treated with 136 implants placed by transcrestal-guided sinus floor elevation technique and the patients were followed for at least 3 years in function. The drilling protocol is customized based on the bone density of each implant site to achieve an insertion torque ranging between 45 and 55 Ncm. Titanium temporary abutments were connected to the implants with prosthetic screws tightened to 35 Ncm and an acrylic resin provisional restoration was adapted and delivered immediately. Six months after initial loading, a definitive CAD/CAM-generated restoration was delivered. Outcome measurements assessed were implant and prosthesis survival rate, biological or biomechanical complications, marginal bone level changes, total alveolar ridge bone height before and after procedure, periodontal parameters measured as well as patient's perception of pain levels during recovery period. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 43.96 (range from 36 to 52) months. Cumulative implant survival rate was 98.53% at 3 years. No biological or mechanical complications were encountered and no prosthetic failures occurred during the entire follow-up period. Mean marginal bone loss (MBL) during the first year of function was 0.33 ± 0.36 mm, while at the 3-year follow-up, the mean MBL was 0.51 ± 0.29 mm. The mean residual bone height of the alveolar crest prior to grafting was of 6.7 ± 1.6 mm (range 5.1-9.2 mm), while, the mean bone height gained was 6.4 ± 1.6 mm (range 3.2-8.1 mm). All patients reported low levels of pain and found to have normal periodontal parameters. CONCLUSION: This proof-of-concept study suggests that the use of guided surgery to perform transcrestal maxillary sinus floor elevation for alveolar ridge height augmentation is a successful minimally invasive technique for the short- to medium-term follow-up, thus avoiding the extended treatment time and morbidities associated with maxillary sinus floor augmentation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".