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Deep Boltzmann machines

2009· article· en· 1,778 citations· W189596042 on OpenAlex

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Machine scores (provisional)

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Opus teacher head0.009
GPT teacher head0.224
Teacher spread
0.216 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Abstract

We present a new learning algorithm for Boltz-mann machines that contain many layers of hid-den variables. Data-dependent expectations are estimated using a variational approximation that tends to focus on a single mode, and data-independent expectations are approximated us-ing persistent Markov chains. The use of two quite different techniques for estimating the two types of expectation that enter into the gradient of the log-likelihood makes it practical to learn Boltzmann machines with multiple hidden lay-ers and millions of parameters. The learning can be made more efficient by using a layer-by-layer “pre-training ” phase that allows variational in-ference to be initialized with a single bottom-up pass. We present results on the MNIST and NORB datasets showing that deep Boltzmann machines learn good generative models and per-form well on handwritten digit and visual object recognition tasks. 1

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The record

Venue
Topic
Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis
Field
Computer Science
Canadian institutions
University of Toronto
Funders
Keywords
Boltzmann machineMNIST databaseRestricted Boltzmann machineFocus (optics)Computer scienceInferenceArtificial intelligenceBoltzmann constantHidden Markov modelHidden variable theoryMarkov chainObject (grammar)Generative modelDeep learningBoltzmann distributionLayer (electronics)AlgorithmPattern recognition (psychology)Machine learningGenerative grammarStatistical physicsPhysics
Has abstract in OpenAlex
yes