Experimental evidence of size effect in soil cracking
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Results of an experimental study on the formation of crack patterns during drying of a soil paste are presented. The objective is to ascertain whether fracture mechanics plays a significant role in explaining the process of formation and propagation of cracks during drying of soils due to changes in environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity. The experiments consist of five geometrically similar rectangular specimens in two series of different thicknesses, subjected to drying conditions in an environment-controlled laboratory. Cracking initiates shortly before the soil reaches a near-solid quasi-brittle consistency. Although crack initiation can be explained by classical soil mechanics effective stress theory, crack development and propagation appear to be energy-driven. The results prove that cracking stress does depend on the size of the specimen and suggest that fracture mechanics might be applicable to soil cracking, at least in the context of the present research. Fracture toughness of the soil used was determined using compact tension tests at different water contents. Its tensile strength was also determined by a direct method for two natural specific weights (bulk density) and two dry specific weights with different water contents.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it