Genomic and chromosomal distribution patterns of various repeated DNA sequences in wheat revealed by a fluorescence in situ hybridization procedure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an allohexaploid, in which each of the three genomes has a high 1C content. This indicates the presence of multiple tandemly repeated sequences, which should be detectable using in situ hybridization. Some repeats have already been described, but others remain to be recognized. To discover others, 2000 plasmid wheat clones were examined for signal presence after fluorescence in situ hybridization and microscopic signal observation. Among them, 47 clones produced strong discrete signals on wheat chromosomes. Two of the newly identified clones (pTa-535 and pTa-713) were determined to have especially valuable sequences for chromosome identification. In combination with pTa-86 (the pSc119 homologous sequence), these probes enable unambiguous discrimination of all wheat chromosomes including orientation. Four newly identified sequences (pTa-465, pTa-k566, pTa-s120, and pTa-s126) were useful in that they produced discrete signals on various wheat chromosome arms. Two other clones (pTa-k288 and pTa-k229) produced GISH-like (genomic in situ hybridization) signals because they allowed the A, B, and D genomes to be distinguished simultaneously. In addition, centromere, centromere-related, and ribosomal DNA clones were identified. Also described are improvements on slide preparation and reprobing procedures. To enhance discrete signal detection, a new direct fluorescent-labeling procedure, namely the VentR (exo-) terminal extension method, was employed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".