Bibliographic record
Abstract
Vitamin D supplementation is recommended whenever patients are given therapeutic drugs for osteoporosis, to make their calcium (Ca) balance positive. Vitamin D is converted to 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the liver, and then activated to become 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in the kidneys. The active vitamin D acts in the intestine to stimulate Ca absorption and maintain the Ca balance. 2β-(3-Hydroxypropyloxy)-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (eldecalcitol) and 2-methylene-19-nor-(20S)-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (2MD) are newly developed vitamin D analogs, with a substitution at the 2 position of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol). Eldecalcitol and 2MD share common structural and biological characteristics. Both compounds increase serum Ca levels more markedly than calcitriol, increase bone mineral density (BMD), and improve bone strength in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, 1 year clinical trial, eldecalcitol dose-dependently increased lumbar and hip BMD and suppressed bone turnover markers in patients with osteoporosis. Whereas, 2MD markedly increased the bone turnover markers, but it did not change the BMD of postmenopausal women with osteopenia in a 1 year clinical trial. After a randomized, double-blind, 3 year fracture-prevention trial comparing it with alfacalcidol, eldecalcitol was approved for the treatment of osteoporosis in Japan. On the other hand, the manufacturer discontinued the clinical development of 2MD. In this review, we discuss the similarities and differences between these 2 compounds, and the reasons why different outcomes resulted from their clinical trials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".