Is ventilatory efficiency impaired during progressive exercise in mild COPD
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abnormalities in ventilation-perfusion matching may start early in the natural history of COPD. These disturbances are likely to worsen under increased ventilatory demands – as those elicited by exercise. Therefore, measurements of exercise ventilatory efficiency (ventilation (V'E) to carbon dioxide output (V'CO2)) could be valuable to uncover those abnormalities in mild COPD. Forty GOLD grade I patients and 20 controls underwent an incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test. The V'E-to-V'CO2 relationship was expressed as slope and intercept or as a ratio (V'E/V'CO2) at its lowest point (nadir). Peak exercise capacity and sub-maximal O2 saturation were lower in patients (p median) had lower lung diffusing capacity (p= 0.05) and peak oxygen uptake (p<0.05). ![Figure][1] Excessive ventilatory responses to metabolic demand and impaired oxygenation in GOLD grade I patients indicates that the efficiency of the lung as gas exchanger is compromised despite a preserved FEV1. The impact of treatment strategies on these outcomes deserves further consideration in this patient sub-population. [1]: pending:yes
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".