Novel ultra wideband printed balun design using the FEM and FDTD methods
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Three different baluns have been designed using FDTD and verified by HFSS. It has demonstrated that all baluns have good return loss at the UBLP from 2 to 18 GHz when their BLP are connected with matched loads. Although balun-1 has the longest UBM to BM converting section, it has the lowest insertion loss when the wave transforms from UBM to BM. The length of balun-2 is much shorter than the length of balun-1, but it has higher insertion loss than balun-1 from 4 to 17.5 GHz. This is because some high order modes have to be generated to adapt to the unexpected changes introduced by the slots in the ground plane. The advantages of balun-3 are: (i) it is shorter than balun-1; and (ii) the CDS is used at the BLP. Further investigations will be carried out experimentally to verify these balun designs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".