A 15Gb/s AC-Coupled VCSEL Driver with Waveform Shaping in 65nm CMOS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) driver in 65nm CMOS selectively-enables parallel low-power CMOS drivers to shape the output current waveforms and compensate VCSEL nonlinearities. The CMOS waveform-shaping drivers are AC-coupled allowing them to operate from a 1-V supply to save power, while parallel low-frequency paths provide programmable DC biasing from a 3-V supply. The measured VCSEL driver is able to achieve 15Gb/s with up to 5.1dBm OMA at a total power dissipation of 60mW, or 2.1dBm OMA at 28mW corresponding to 1.9pJ/bit. The driver occupies 250 × 160μm including the on-die AC-coupling.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".