Combined Treatment Effects Using Bioactive‐Coated Implants and Ceramic Granulate in a Rabbit Femoral Condyle Model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Resolution of peri-implant defects resulting from implant placement in the freshly extracted site demands for a bone graft substitute that stimulates bone regeneration and hence facilitates implant integration. In view of this, the addition of silica to hydroxyapatite (HASi) could enhance the bioactive behavior of ceramic materials and implant surfaces coated with bioactive ceramics might benefit the interaction between bone and implant. PURPOSE: To evaluate the bone response to implants coated with hydroxyapatite-silica (HASi) or hydroxyapatite (HA) and either or not combined with HASi and HA ceramic bone substitute particles, respectively, on bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone formation using a rabbit femoral condyle implant model with a gap design. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 32 custom-made, titanium implants (Ti: diameter 5 mm, length 8 mm) with two-sided gaps were fabricated and coated with either HASi or HA using pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The implants were installed bilaterally in the femoral condyles of 16 New Zealand white rabbits. According to a randomization protocol, one gap of HASi-coated and HA-coated implants was filled with HASi particles and HA particles, respectively, and the other gap was left empty. After an implantation period of 8 weeks, the retrieved specimens were analyzed via histology and histomorphometry (i.e., bone to implant contact [BIC] and bone volume [BV]). RESULTS: The BIC and BV around the implants were analysed for HASi- and HA-coated implants with and without the use of HASi and HA bone substitute material. Comparison of HASi- and HA-coated implants showed similar BIC for HASi- (55.7 + 11.0) and HA-coated implants (50.3 + 19.7). When coated implants were combined with bone substitute materials, HASi-coated and particle-filled implants showed higher BIC (64.3 ± 6.8%) compared with HA-coated and HA-filled implants (54.5 ± 10.9%). Similarly, the BV within the region of interest showed significantly higher values for the HASi-coated and HASi-filled implants (21.1 ± 1.7%) compared with HA-coated and HA-filled implants (12.8 ± 4.9%). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that silicon substitution in HA favors bone regeneration compared with HA, especially when used as bone substitute material. Further studies using different healing periods will elucidate the resorption pattern of HASi granules in comparison with HA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".