Bibliographic record
Abstract
The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing at an alarming rate. Insulin secretory dysfunction and insulin resistance are characteristic features of T2DM. However, their relative contributions to the progression from normal glucose tolerance to impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) to T2DM remain unknown. This limits the capacity of researchers to establish therapeutic interventions for T2DM. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and GLP-1 are the two primary incretin hormones secreted by intestinal K and L cells, respectively. Secretion of these incretins increases postprandially and they potentiate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Despite blunted incretin responses in patients with T2DM, insulinotropic responses to exogenously administered GLP-1 remain active in these patients (1). Although controversy exists, a recent study demonstrated that insulin secretory responses to GIP were retained in patients with T2DM (1,2). Additionally, incretin response to GIP is improved by reducing blood glucose levels in patients with T2DM (3). These findings support the rationale for use of incretin-based pharmacotherapies in the treatment and management of T2DM. However, identification of the mechanism by which the function of K cells contributes to the development of T2DM is still elusive and requires a good model of study. To determine the role of K cells in the regulation of metabolism, K cells were eliminated from mice by expressing the diphtheria toxin A-chain gene in GIP-producing cells (DT mice). Despite a severely impaired …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".