A Stable Isotope Study of the Relationship between Coral Tissues and Zooxanthellae in a Seasonal Tropical Environment of East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study assessed variations in the relationship between zooxanthellae and their coral hosts seasonally and spatially. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes ( d 13 C and d 15 N) were used to analyze the patterns of nutritional transport between coral and zooxanthellae. Studies of temporal differences were conducted during two dry seasons and one rainy season in the Berau Marine Conservation Area, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. To assess spatial variations, coral samples from three genera ( Porites , Seriatopora and Stylophora ) were collected from three localities, designated as nearest, medium, and farthest from the Berau River mouth. The lower d 13 C of Seriatopora compared with the other two genera suggested that corals in this genus were more actively utilizing particulate organic matter and adopting a heterotrophic feeding mode. The d 13 C values of coral tissue and zooxanthellae also were affected by differences in seasons, localities, and depth, whereas the d 15 N values varied significantly with seasons alone. Differences in d 15 N values between coral tissue and zooxanthellae were always positive in the first and second dry seasons, but negative in the rainy season. This finding indicated that zooxanthellae were the main source of coral nutrients during the dry season, while host coral may support zooxanthellae nutrition during rainy season of low turbidity. Spatially, sedimentation does not show significant impact to the relationship between coral and zooxanthellae.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".