X‐Ray Diffraction and Micro‐Raman Study of Structural Transformations in (B <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> ) <sub>1−x</sub> (H <sub>2</sub> O) <i> <sub>x</sub> </i> Glasses and Liquids
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Liquid water and vitreous B 2 O 3 are the endpoints of a continuous range of random networks in which hydrogen bonds gradually replace covalent bonds. Previous work has shown that glasses can be obtained by quenching in the range x ≤0.50. We report the wide‐angle X‐ray scattering by the liquid phase in the composition range from x =0.38 to 1.00 (pure water) at temperatures just above the liquidus. The first sharp diffraction peak (FSDP) remains at an approximately constant position in the range 0≤ x ≤0.8. Beyond this range, the position of the FSDP shifts linearly to higher angles. The relative concentration of the molecular species in the glasses and melts were measured with micro‐Raman spectroscopy. Small molecular species are found for glasses and liquids with x >0.36, determining the critical point at which the sample ceases to be a single macromolecule. Molecular water is present in liquids with x >0.62.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".