The polyamine spermine is increased in cystic fibrosis airway secretions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rationale: Sputum arginase contributes to the nitric oxide (NO) deficiency in cystic fibrosis (CF) airways. Ornithine, the product of arginase activity, is the precursor of polyamines, which may play a role in the pulmonary response to injury and remodeling. Objective: To measure concentrations of spermine in sputum of CF patients. Methods: Using mass spectrometry, spermine was measured in sputum of clinically stable patients with CF (n=10), CF patients before and after antibiotic treatment for a pulmonary exacerbation (N=10) and healthy controls (n=10). CF patients were 7-17 years of age. Mean FEV1 in the stable CF patients was 80.4 (range 47-117)% of predicted values. FEV1 in CF patients presenting with a pulmonary exacerbation was 50.8±3.5 (range 36-69)% of predicted and improved by 13.5 (±2.8)% with treatment. Results: Mean (±SEM) spermine concentration in sputum was significantly higher in stable CF than controls (1.71±0.59 vs. 0.22±0.05 μmol/ml, p=0.02). Spermine concentrations were highest in CF patients presenting with a pulmonary exacerbation (9.10±1.62 μmol/ml) and decreased to levels similar to stable CF (1.68±0.33 μmol/ml, p<0.001, paired t-test), but remained significantly increased when compared to controls (p<0.001). The change in spermine concentrations during treatment for a pulmonary exacerbation correlated significantly with the changes in sputum arginase activity (R=0.65, p<0.05) and ornithine concentrations (R=0.8, p=0.01). Conclusions: Spermine is significantly increased in the airways of patients with CF and linked to increase arginase activity. Further studies of the role of the polyamines for CF lung disease are warranted, as they may contribute to airways obstruction and remodeling.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".