Compensation potential in six depleted groundfish stocks from the Northwest Atlantic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Compensatory responses are important because they increase spawning stock biomass (SSB) growth rates in depleted fish populations. We analyze recruits per spawner (R/SSB) and spawners per recruit (SSB/R) data from six well-studied depleted, or depleted and recovering, Northwest Atlantic groundfish stocks for evidence of compensatory responses. All stocks had periods of high R/SSB at low SSB; however, R/SSB showed considerable variability, and significant compensatory responses were only found in two stocks. For compensation in SSB/R, relationships were significant for three of the stocks. We examined the potential impact of compensation in R/SSB and SSB/R on SSB growth rate and concluded that SSB/R could have a greater potential impact on enhancing SSB growth rate in depleted stocks. Overall, cod (Gadus morhua) populations showed greater compensation than flatfish, mainly due to the lower potential in flatfish to increase SSB/R. This suggests that cod are more resilient to overfishing than are flatfish. Estimates of population growth rate at low stock size, which ignore compensation in SSB/R, will underestimate maximum SSB growth rates. Compensation in both R/SSB and SSB/R should both be considered when evaluating stock productivity, sustainable harvest levels, and biological reference points.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".